Posts in Category: english

Sleep hours recommended

sleeping

normal sleep

Sleep hours recommended by the National Sleep Foundation of the United States of America.

The amount of sleep that a person needs varies from one person to another, in other words, some people need more sleep than others to be well.

On the other hand, the number of hours of sleep also differs depending on the age of the individual.

Thus, according to the latest recommendations of the National Sleep Foundation of the United States of America, the hours of sleep that each person needs based on their age are the following:

1.- Newborn needs to sleep between 12 and 18 hours each day.

2.- From 4 to 11 months infants have to sleep between 12 and 15 hours a day.

3.- From 1 to 2 years toddlers need to sleep between 11 and 14 hours daily.

4.- From 6 to 13 years of age children need between 9 and 11 hours of sleep every day.

5.- From 14 to 17 years old adolescents have to sleep between 10 and 8 hours a day.

6.- From 18 to 25 years old, you have to sleep between 7 and 9 hours each day.

7.- From 26 to 64 years old it is also necessary to sleep between 7 and 9 hours a day.

8.- People over 65 need to sleep between 7 and 8 hours daily.

(Edited by Dr. María Moya Guirao, MD)

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John Conolly and the Non Restraint method

John Conolly

John Conolly

Did you know…..

the English physician John Conolly (1794-1866) pioneered the complete suppression of containment methods for the 800 patients of the Middlesex Asylum in Hanwell?

This doctor was in favor of the so-called “Non-restraint” method, which consisted in the non-use of methods of mechanical restraint (for example, ties) with the mentally agitated patients.

Conolly, belonging to a Scottish family, studied medicine in Edinburgh and practiced as a doctor in several English cities. Later he worked as a professor at the University of London.

John Conolly and two other medical colleagues, Forbes and Hastings, were the founders of a medical association that would later lead to the British Medical Association. Conally and Forbes created a publication entitled “Quarterly Journal of Practical Medicine” for  medical topics.
Among Conolly’s publications, the following should be mentioned:

1.- In 1830 Conolly edited his book “An Inquiry Concerning the Indications of Insanity with Suggestions for the Better Protection and Care of the Insane” was published.

2.- In 1847 he published “Construction and Government of Lunatic Asylums“.

3.- In 1856 he published “The Treatment of the Insane without Mechanical Restraints“.

(Edited by Dr. María Moya Guirao, MD)

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Psychiatric Hospital and Therapeutic Community

classical mental hospital

asylum

Did you know…..

that in 1953 an Expert Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) stated that the psychiatric hospital should be a therapeutic community?

According to said committee that therapeutic community should be governed by certain principles. Among such principles would be the conservation and safeguarding of the individuality of the patient, the conviction that the mentally ill are trustworthy and capable of taking their own initiatives and of assuming their responsibilities.

The previous was a step to end the classic psychiatric asylums in which there was a long history of oppression, abuse and violence, physical and mental. During those years a series of initiatives were taken in many Western countries to put an end to these practices, and to convert the old asylums into modern, short-stay hospital units and humane treatment. In addition, new and more effective treatments were instituted.

(Edited by Dr. María Moya Guirao, MD)

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Dead and drugs

No drugs

No drugs

Did you know…..

Many people die each year because of their addiction to drugs, tobacco and alcohol?

Cocaine, heroin, amphetamines, etc., take many lives each year.

In recent years the use of cocaine has increased a lot in our country. Cocaine can lead to death, as it frequently produces strokes and myocardial infarction. To this must be added deaths due to overdoses and adulterations.

Unfortunately many people who use drugs do not quite believe the dangers of drugs.
In Spain there have been numerous anti-drug programs, but unfortunately the drug is easy to acquire in our country and in many others.

(Edited by Dr. María Moya Guirao, MD)

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Surrealist Revolution

Salvador Dali

Salvador Dali

Did you know…..

That in 1925 a group of French artists and writers signed a “manifesto” in the name of what they called the “surrealist revolution“?

This manifesto of the group of surrealist artists and writers addressed to the directors of psychiatric hospitals in France. Among other things they wrote the following:

“Tomorrow, at the time of the visit, when you try, without the help of your lexicon, to communicate with these men, you can remember and recognize that you only have a superiority over them: strength.”

The voice was raised by the inhuman conditions in which the mentally ill lived in the insane asylums of that time.

Philippe Pinel, the eminent French doctor, removed the chains to the madmen of the Bicêtre asylum in the eighteenth century. In this and other asylums it was usual to keep the mentally ill tied with chains.

(Edited by Dr. María Moya Guirao, MD)

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Anxiety and Obesity

obesity

obesity

Did you know…..

Some people try to calm their anxiety by overeating and compulsively?

The increase in the intake of foods has led to a large increase in the weight of the inhabitants of many developed countries. What has been called obesity epidemic causes a serious risk to health. It is shown that obese people have an average life ten years less than people who have a normal weight.

We can affirm that people who eat healthy and avoid sedentary lifestyle have a weight appropriate. In some countries more than half of the population weighs more than their share.

The increase in the average weight of the inhabitants of some countries has tripled with respect to the average weight of 30 years ago. Even in countries where in the past there was no overweight or obesity, such as Japan and Korea, the average has also increased.

From this page we encourage you to lead a more active lifestyle and take a healthier diet, both adults, young people.
We also want to warn of the danger of certain diet to lose weight that can put in serious risk the health.

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(Edited by Dr. María Moya Guirao, MD)

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Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption

No Smoke

No Smoke

Did you know…..

that the number of people who smoke has decreased in many western countries?

It is thought that this decrease is due to the campaigns carried out against smoking by many countries. The disclosure of the serious health damage caused by the tobacco has been one of the factors that have helped in this fight against smoking.
Limitations on tobacco advertising have also contributed to the decrease in tobacco consumption. For example, in countries such as the United States of America and Canada, tobacco consumption has drastically decreased. According to statistical data, in 1965, 42% of the adult inhabitants of these countries were addicted to tobacco. But, according to the latest statistics, currently only 16% smoke regularly.

On the other hand, has the consumption of alcohol also decreased?

Regarding the consumption of alcoholic beverages there is no uniformity; while in some countries there has been a decline, in others it has increased. For example, such would be the case in Ireland and the United Kingdom, where the increase in alcoholism has been even greater among young people.

The tobacco and the consumption of alcohol cause serious diseases and a great sanitary cost in the different countries. In addition, in the case of alcohol we must add the influence it has on traffic accidents.

(Edited by Dr. María Moya Guirao, MD)

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Depressed people

Depression

Depression

Did you know…..

That in Depression is there a tendency to negative thinking, as the result of excessive abstraction and generalization?

Depressed people generalize negative events, and this leads to pessimistic anticipations and a great despair about the future. Depressed people think very negatively about themselves and the events that occur in their lives.

These patiens also do not have specific goals for their lives. They tend to think of abstract personal goals.

Several studies have also found that depressed adolescents have nonspecific personal goals, unlike adolescents who do not suffer from depression. But some studies have also shown that depressed young people can make up specific personal goals after conducting a successful psychotherapy treatment. In young people with depression, motivation, commitment and effort to achieve personal goals are very poor.

(Edited by Dr. María Moya Guirao, MD)

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